CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION(CPR)
The new guideline from the American Heart Association recommends that compression of the chest is started before airway. That is C-A-B instead of A-B-C
Here are the steps for CPR under 3 basic heading; C-A-B:
APPROACHING THE PERSON
* Ask yourself: is it safe for me to approach the person? Is it safe for the person too? Check for dangers and clear them or more the person out of the danger. You can do this by placing a hard board or blanket and roll the person onto the material or simply roll the person out of the dangerous area.
* Is the person conscious or unconscious? If he appears unconscious...tap or shake his shoulder and ask loudly...'are you okay'...or...call his name. If the person responds and breathing is good,then leave CPR and give other necessary first aid.
If no responds,the roll the person on his back.
* Call the paramedic or police
However,for suffocated person like drowning, do CPR for one minute before calling.
* Call for an assistant,if available.
COMPRESSION ( ensures adequate circulation )
Start chest compression
* Kneel next to the person's neck and shoulders.
*place the heel of your hand on the centre of the person's chest between the Tips,then put the other hand on top of the first with your fingers interlaced. Your elbow should be straight and your shoulders directly above your hands.
* Press down the chest to at least 2 inches or approx 5cm (for adults and children) and 1.5 inches (for infants).
Do 30 compressions (if well trained in CPR) or 100 per minute (if not well trained). Then move to airway.
AIRWAY
* Clear the airway of any obstruction
* Open the airway with a head tilt and chin lift.
* Check for normal breathing,chest movement, feel for the person's breath on your cheek or ear (this shouldn't take more than 10secs)
BREATHING (mouth to mouth)
while keeping the head tilted and chin lifted.
*pinch the nose of the person to close it. Take a normal breath,cover the person's mouth with yours to create an airtight seal.
* Then give 2 breaths,each should take one second,as you watch for the chest to rise during each breath.
* Continue the compression and breath...30 compressions to 2 breaths...until help comes.
This ratio is the same for one-person or two-person CPR.
DON'Ts
Don't do head tilt and chin lift if you suspect the person has neck injury or fracture.
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